| Abstract: |
Renormalized perturbation theory for QFTs typically produces divergent series, even if the coupling constant is small, because the series coefficients grow factorially at high order. A natural, but historically difficult, challenge has been how to make sense of the asymptotic nature of perturbative series. In what sense do such series capture the physics of a QFT, even for weak coupling? I will discuss a recent conjecture that the semiclassical expansion of path integrals for asymptotically free QFTs - that is, perturbation theory - yields well - defined answers once the implications of resurgence theory are taken into account. Resurgence theory relates expansions around different saddle points of a path integral to each other, and has the striking practical implication that the high-order divergences of perturbative series encode precise information about the non-perturbative physics of a theory. These ideas will be discussed in the context of a QCD-like toy model theory, the two-dimensional principal chiral model, where resurgence theory appears to be capable of dealing with the most difficult types of divergences, the renormalons. Fitting a conjecture by 't Hooft, understanding the origin of renormalon divergences allows us to see the microscopic origin of the mass gap of the theory in the semiclassical domain. |
